Prior to the Renaissance, the use of human cadavers for scientific research was forbidden. Instead, anatomists depended on animal studies for medical research. As a result, our understanding of the human body was limited and flawed until researchers began to covertly study human cadavers. The knowledge gleaned from this early human anatomical research paved the way for modern medicine. Today, cadaveric study remains a cornerstone of medical education and training.
A few of the many discoveries uncovered through human cadaveric study:
A Map of Skeletal, Vascular, and Muscular Systems
Leonardo da Vinci contributed anatomical drawings of the human skeletal, vascular, and muscular systems based on his study of human cadavers, while Andreas Vesalius (considered the father of modern anatomy) published a series of anatomical woodcuts in 1543 that corrected 1,400 years of mistaken medical beliefs.
Development of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Before CPR methods were formally accepted, a number of peculiar rescue efforts were performed that included warming the victim, applying pressure to the abdomen, and tickling the victim’s throat. Cadaveric study revealed that chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth ventilation could effectively keep a person alive until more decisive medical assistance could be administered. The discovery has saved thousands of lives. Today, 30 percent of American adults are trained in CPR.
